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Education
| 2008–2012 | Bundesrealgymnasium Judenburg with focus on Science and Nature |
| 2012–2017 | Bachelor’s degree program in Industrial environmental protection and process engineering, University of Leoben, Austria (BSc) |
| 2017–2018 | Master’s degree program in in Industrial environmental protection and process engineering, University of Leoben, Austria, with focus on plant construction and metallurgical process engineering |
| 2018 | Graduation (Dipl.-Ing.) Title of master thesis: Feasibility analysis of an ion exchanger loop stripping plant for nitrogen recovery at a municipal sewage treatment plant |
| 2021 | Conferral of doctorate (Dr.mont.) Title of dissertation: Development of a hydrometallurgical recycling concept for lithium-ion batteries |
Professional experience
| 2018–present | PhD student and research associate at Institute of Nonferrous Metallurgy, University of Leoben, Austria |
PhD Thesis
Title: Hydrometallurgical recycling of residues
Through process and technology development for the processing of complex residues with varying composition in the field of metallurgy as well as a development of methods for the simultaneous multi-metal recovery from primary and secondary sources, an improvement of the raw material availability can be realized. Above all, previously not usable, metal-containing residues are attributed a central importance in this work, since these were previously disposed of and removed from the recycling cycle. For simultaneous processing of metal-containing residues, waste acids and waste liquors, a combination of leaching and precipitation is used. To assess the impact of various metals on leaching, they are added in a targeted manner (e.g. Cr, Fe). As part of the precipitation, particular attention is paid to the selectivity in relation to the corresponding Pourbaix diagrams.
Publications
Gerold E. and Antrekowitsch H.: Advancements and Challenges in Photovoltaic Cell Recycling: A Comprehensive Review. Sustainability 16/6, 2542.
Gerold E., Lerchbammer R., and Antrekowitsch H.: Recovery of Cobalt, Nickel, and Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Gluconic Acid Leaching Process: Kinetics Study. Batteries 10/4, 120.
Gerold, E., Kadisch, F., Lerchbammer, R. and Antrekowitsch, H.: Bio-metallurgical recovery of lithium, cobalt, and nickel from spent NMC lithium ion batteries: A comparative analysis of organic acid systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 13, 100397.
Luznik L., Gerold E., Luidold S., Weirather T., Pachlhofer J, Czettl C., Karhumaa T. and Antrekowitsch H.: Recycling of cemented carbides with gaseous zinc including particular consideration of GGI. EMC proceedings (2023)
Reiss S., Eßl W.,Trasca, R. A., Mugrauer C., Stefan-Kharich M., Kharicha A., Gerold E. and Goodwin F.: Development of a Dross Build-Up Growth Process Model for Hot-Dip Galvanizing Considering Surface Reaction Kinetics. Metall Mater Trans B 55/1, 53–63.
Gerold, E., Lerchbammer R., Strnad C. and H. Antrekowitsch: Towards a sustainable approach using mineral or carboxylic acid to recover lithium from lithium iron phosphate batteries. Hydrometallurgy, 222 (2023), 106187.
Gerold E., Lerchbammer R. and H. Antrekowitsch: Evaluation of the Influence Exerted by Increased Silicon Contents on the Leaching Behaviour of NMC-Based Black Mass. Metals, 13 (2023), 785.
Gerold E., Lerchbammer R. and H. Antrekowitsch: SeLiReco 2.0 – A more sustainable process for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. EMC proceedings (2023).
Gerold E. and H. Antrekowitsch: Interrelationships between pre-processing and subsequent procedures in the recycling of LIBs. Recy&Depo Tech (2022), Leoben, Österreich, online proceeding
Gerold E. and H. Antrekowitsch: A sustainable approach for the recovery of manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries via photocatalytic oxidation. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (2022), 11, 3, 66–75
Gerold E., C. Schinnerl and H. Antrekowitsch: Critical evaluation of the potential of organic acids for the environmentally friendly recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Recycling (2022), 7, 4, 7010004
Gerold E., H. Antrekowitsch and R. Lerchbammer: Parameter study on the recycling of LFP cathode material using hydrometallurgical methods. Metals (2022), 12, 10, 1706
Körbler N., G. Mori, E. Gerold, H. Antrekowitsch, J. Klocek and T. Krivec: Cyclic voltammetric analysis of copper dissolution in acidic chloride electrolytes containing copper ions. Copper Conference (2022), Santiago, Chile, online proceeding
Leitner M., F. Winter, E. Gerold, S. Luidold, C. Storf, C. Czettl, L. Janka, T. Karhumaa and H. Antrekowitsch: Studies on the phase formation of cobalt contacted with zinc vapour (2022), International Journal of refractory metals and hard materials (2022), 107, 9, 105877
Windisch-Kern S., Gerold E., Nigl T., Jandric A., Altendorfer M., Rutrecht B., Scherhaufer S., Raupenstrauch H., Pomberger R., Antrekowitsch H., und F. Part:
Recycling chains for lithium-ion batteries: A critical examination of current challenges, opportunities and process dependencies. Waste Management 2021, 138.2022, 125-139
Gerold, E., S. Luidold and H. Antrekowitsch: Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Metals, 11 (2021) 1091
Gerold, E., S. Luidold and H. Antrekowitsch: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in selected organic acids. Proceedings of European Metallurgical Conference (2021), Salzburg, Österreich (online)
Gerold, E. and H. Antrekowitsch: Potenzialabschätzung von Synergieeffekten zur simultanen Rückgewinnung von Wertmetallen aus komplexen, metallhaltigen Reststoffen. Österreichische Wasser- und Abwasserwirtschaft (2021)
Gerold E., Luidold S. and H. Antrekowitsch: Optimization of a leaching process for pulverized metal-containing residues. Sustainable industrial processing Summit and exhibition, 2020, 65-72
Gerold E., Luidold S., Honner M., Antrekowitsch H. and A. Arnberger: Development of a Hydrometallurgical Recycling Concept for Metal-containing Residues from the Battery Sector. Word of Metallurgy – Erzmetall 73 (4), 2020, 181-188
Gerold E., Luidold S., Bartelme C. and H. Antrekowitsch: Pyrometallurgische Aufarbeitung von Zwischenprodukten beim Batterierecycling. Recycling- und Sekundärrohstoffe Band 13, 2020, 558-567
Gerold E., Luidoild S. and H. Antrekowitsch: Selective Precipitation of Metal Oxalates from Lithium Ion Battery Leach Solutions. Metals 10 (1435), 2020
Gerold E., S. Luidold, M. Honner and H. Antrekowitsch: Leaching of metal-containing residues from the battery sector. World of Metallurgy – Erzmetall 72 (5), 2019, 267-273
Gerold E., S. Luidold, S. Scheiber and M. Honner: Synergy effect at the recycling of metal containing waste from the waste industry. EMC 2019, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, 973-982
Presentations
Gerold E.: Eco-efficient battery recycling: A comparative analysis of organic and inorganic leaching methods for lithium-ion batteries. GDMB Seminar Battery Materials, Hannover, Deutschland, 2024
Gerold E.: Transforming lithium-ion batteries into a source of raw materials. Lithium Symposium, 1. Wiener Rohstofftag, Wien, Österreich, 2024
Gerold E., and Antrekowitsch H.: Sustainable extraction of non-ferrous metals. Sustainable metals: sciene and systems, Symposium of the royal society, online, 2024
Gerold E., Lerchbammer R. and H. Antrekowitsch: SeLiReco 2.0 – A more sustainable process for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. EMC 2023, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, 2023
Gerold E.: Ist ihr Akku leer? – Chancen und Risiken des (Batterie)-Recyclings. TripleN – Nachhaltig ökologisch, Nachhaltig ökonomisch, Nachhaltig sozial, Onlinevortrag, 2022
Gerold, E.: Process development for the selective recovery of manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries. International Congress on Battery Recycling, Salzburg, Österreich, 2022
Gerold, E.: Entwicklung von innovativen Recyclingstrategien für Hartmetalle mit dem Fokus auf den Zinkprozess in der Gasphase, GDMB Fachausschuss für Sondermetalle, Wimsheim, Deutschland, 2022
Gerold, E. Ein Blick in das Innere einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie, Bildungs- und Studienmesse, Klagenfurt, Österreich, 2022
Gerold E.: Lithiumrecycling – Der Schatz im Schrott. 51. Metallurgisches Seminar der GDMB, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Deutschland, 2022
Gerold, E.: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in selected organic acids. European Metallurgical Conference (2021), Salzburg, Österreich, 2021.
Gerold, E.: Hydrometallurgische Rückgewinnung von Lithium aus Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Klimatag 2021, Leoben, Österreich, 2021
Gerold, E.: Lithiumrecycling – Rückgewinnung des weißen Golds der Zukunft. GDMB Fachausschuss für Sondermetalle, Röthenbach, Deutschland, 2021.
Gerold E.: Pyrometallurgische Aufarbeitung von Zwischenprodukten beim Batterierecycling. Berliner Recycling- und Sekundärrohstoffkonferenz, Berlin, 2020
Gerold E.: Entwicklung eines hydrometallurgischen Recyclingkonzeptes für metallhaltige Reststoffe aus dem Batteriesektor, Fachausschuss für Sondermetalle, Online, 2020
Gerold E., D. Hofer and S. Wibner: Optimization of a leaching process for pulverized metal-containing residues. SIPS 2019 – Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit and Exhibition, Paphos, Zypern, 2019
Gerold E. and L. Stemper: Synergy effect at the recycling of metal containing waste from the waste industry. EMC 2019, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, 2019
Posters
Gerold E.: Single- and multi-stage leaching of metal containing waste, EMC 2019, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, 2019
